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AMPK, an important protein that supports life span |
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AMPK is an activated protein kinase that is activated by ATP consumption when the cell energy environment is weakened and the possibility of obtaining energy is reduced. Activated AMPK restores the operation of cells, especially the homeostasis of mitochondrial networks, through balance and reconstruction. The activation of AMPK not only has a positive significance and effect on the body's disease defense and confrontation, but also uses almost the most extensive capabilities to affect all signal channels inside and outside the cell, including mTOR, ERK, NF-¦ÊB, FOXOs, p53, and PGC1¦Á. Among all the induction, conduction, and intervention energy levels that affect the life span of the body, the expression of AMPK is the most powerful. AMPK intervenes in the life span of the body at multiple levels. The first level is the signal it sends when intervening in insufficient energy. This signal exacerbates the inhibition of mTORC1 and strengthens the downstream S6K inhibition signal; not only that, the activation of AMPK limits the production and operation of IL-11 by inhibiting the upstream pathway, and reversely inhibits IL-11, leading to an extension of life span. The mechanism by which AMPK prolongs lifespan is also reflected in its unique effects on fasting and calorie restriction. Under CR conditions, "AMPK promotes the catabolism of glutamine by phosphorylating PDZ domain 8 (PDZD8) protein" (Li Mengqi et al.) "The important metabolite ¦Á-ketoglutarate produced by glutamine decomposition is extremely important for the inhibition of inflammation and even the extension of lifespan. In fact, the benefits of calorie restriction to the human body are all achieved with the support of AMPK or related channels. AMPK's positive effect on lifespan is also reflected in many other aspects. For example, it prolongs the lifespan of organisms by interacting with VRK1; "VRK-1 increases the lifespan of organisms by directly phosphorylating and activating the cell energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). " This longevity is conferred by a mutation that inhibits mitochondrial respiration in Caenorhabditis elegans, and mitochondrial respiration requires AMPK." (Park Sang-shun et al. 2) The role of AMPK requires an activation process. Dieting, calorie restriction, and exercise are general lifestyle incentives; there is also supplement activation, which is a more reliable and long-lasting method. In addition to the well-known drug metformin, there are also resveratrol, curcumin, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, etc. Duozh's various AMPK activator supplements sold on the Internet can also be used. Just be careful when purchasing.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41422-024-01021-3 |